An Ideal Client Brings New Challenges, Cooperation . . . and Excitement!

You know the old saying: “You can choose your friends but not your family”? Well, what about clients? Someone asked me the other day, what is my ideal client? That’s an easy one. They are a client I recently picked up from a referral, which is how I develop a majority of my business.

My new client is an asbestos abatement company located in south King County here in Washington. They were contracted by a very large company in China, to train and certify their workers to become licensed asbestos handlers. The Chinese operation must put together a team of workers to abate asbestos on worldwide ocean-going vessels. As you might expect, China can perform the abatement tasks at about two-thirds the cost of doing the work in Seattle.

This is exciting territory for me! Thanks to this American enterprise, it’s a great opportunity for the Chinese company, and I’m right in the center of the action, serving as a legal liaison. I just love it! Initially, I drafted the letter of intent outlining basic parameters and the provisions for a confidential non-disclosure agreement regarding the business venture. I just finished the third phase, which is the training service agreement. My client will be dispatching four or five instructors to China to reside there full-time and train workers.

I also drafted the licensing agreement for the use of the manuals and training materials by the Chinese, assuring that the American company will keep full ownership of its intellectual property. There is going to be a host of other contracts to develop, too, as we move forward with this business arrangement.

So far, my observations are quite optimistic. I am seeing firsthand how this business is going to evolve. I have a very good relationship with my client and an equally good relationship with the party in China. Fortunately, this is not a case where you are battling with the terms of agreement. This is the ideal situation in which you’re discussing matters of importance with both sides — what they each want to accomplish with the agreement. And I get to memorialize it in simple, easy-to-understand language that is going to help everyone move forward and understand their working relationship

In terms of the business contract, all legal provisions are based on American law via a choice-of-law provision, which is why it was very wise of my client to take the initiative in developing the first round of draft agreements. This entire process will be governed by Washington state law, and we’ve placed a choice-of-law provision in the contract, to guarantee this. Not only is this good business sense, it is a sound practical move. Licensing for asbestos abatement falls under the strict guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Chinese company is seeking accreditation under an American licensing system. This, of course, will give the Chinese more credibility when they’re marketing their services to international shipping companies.

As part of my oversight responsibilities, trust is a vital issue. We have incorporated provisions into the contract regarding payment and have clearly set forth an agreement that payment is due within 15 days upon invoicing. I consider this matter to be the most contentious, potentially speaking. If there’s a dispute along the way, it will probably be over payment issues.

The larger concern focuses on the intellectual property rights to the manuals and training materials that are being licensed. You quite often hear about the Chinese knocking off other companies’ research, patents and property rights. Again, there’s the matter of trust; we are hoping that this Chinese company is not going to mass-produce these manuals and materials, thereby undercutting my client’s ability to do business in China.

To contractually safeguard against this violation, we have assigned this business arrangement a finite two-year term, with the ability to renew or not renew after that period of time. Within two years, we’ll certainly know whether any piracy issues have surfaced. If any do, we’ll just pull the plug on the contract. However, I believe it is beneficial for the Chinese to work with my client and abide by the rules, so I’m going to keep an optimistic outlook.

The Importance of Insurance

When people hear the term “insurance,” they automatically assume that it is some form of coverage broadly defined in general terms. What many do not realize is that insurance is so much more than simple coverage for accidents and other unforeseen events, and being properly insured is an important aspect of doing business.

Insurance should perform a very crucial function: to protect a person or business entering into a transaction. One cannot always shift risk and responsibility to another party in the transaction.

The type and amount of insurance necessary is critical. Those who may have insurance may not be covered for what is actually needed, and those who have the proper type may not have enough to cover the potential damages one is exposed to in a business transaction. The specifics are dangerous traps, and many do not read between the lines where they should.

For instance, I have a Clinical Research client I formed in 2008. Clinical Research Organizations (CROs) assist in the testing of experimental drugs from conception through FDA approval.Once the company was up and running, they spoke with a broker who obtained an insurance policy.Six months later, they asked me to evaluate whether they were property covered for their particular line of work.

They were not.

The broker had simply procured them a medical malpractice policy, even though a CRO does not practice medicine. There was a specific exclusion in the policy precluding testing for administration of drug trials, which is exactly what a CRO does.

For six months they were operating with no insurance protection. I was able to put the client in touch with a qualified broker and obtain a full refund of the premium they had paid for the useless coverage. Legal advice regarding the adequacy of insurance is critical.

I have another client who contracted with a tile contractor who worked on condominiums for six full years before realizing that the insurance company had included a condominium exclusion that the contractor was unaware of. Unfortunately, the exclusion was discovered too late and my client and the tile subcontractor incurred substantial unanticipated costs due to the exclusion. Although the condominium exclusion was never blatantly stated, it was clearly within the policy and no coverage was provided.

The bottom line is, if you want protection during your transactions, you need to have the right insurance. And to get the right insurance, legal advice regarding the adequacy and sufficiency of insurance is critical.

Life Sciences, in Lieu of Chocolate

Science and technology fascinate me. Perhaps this isn’t the first sentiment you imagine hearing from an attorney, but it occurs to me daily. My enthusiasm for the life sciences industry and the intelligent people who make up its moving parts is one reason why I look forward to coming to work every day.

I was tempted to surprise the whole industry with a box of chocolates, but for today I’ll simply share a few pieces of what I value most.

I entered life sciences law with a strong desire to help companies start from scratch. As I mention on the website, my first client in this field was a Clinical Research Organization (CRO). The four individuals behind it have backgrounds in different areas of the field: pediatric oncology, managing FDA compliance issues and pharmacy. These clients fill the room with brain power, but as good as they are at what they do, they’re not attorneys. Companies in this industry have so many moving parts; they need someone on their side who understands contracts and licensing. For example, they need an operating agreement to explain how the business will run and how decisions will be made. This particular company has taken off in leaps and bounds in the four years since we started working together.

Always Changing

Due to fluctuations in venture capital and government funding, life sciences is a continuously changing environment. As soon as someone gets funding, everyone in the industry knows who they are and wants to start a new business with them or buy their existing operation. This is why new companies should involve an attorney from day one. Clients come to me knowing as much about indemnity, choice of entity and portion of liability as I know about biostatistics. This doesn’t prevent me from handling their agreements and licensing. We teach each other, and it’s in those learning experiences that I find my job so much fun!

Always Innovating

The intellectual abilities of my clients keep me on my toes. Every innovation brings a new set of issues to address on the legal side. I’m good at dealing with these issues. When you have smart people from varied backgrounds coming together and creating something new that’s financially viable, it’s an exciting thing to be a part of. These companies have a bright future not only in Seattle and San Francisco, but nationwide.

Always Building

The ultimate reward of working with life sciences companies from the very beginning is watching their rapid growth. Legally secure, my clients have a strong foundation to build on. The potential is huge because nothing can come up and bite them from behind. As their business grows, my business grows. Once the legal corners are squared, my role is to make sure the company is moving in the right direction.

The life sciences draw all kinds of curious people. Working with sponsors and vendors, or negotiating biotechnology agreements and software licenses allows me to hear about advancements directly from the source. In an industry that’s always changing, innovating and building, I get to learn something new about the world every day.

Your Legal Entity Is the Life Jacket of Your Business

Living in the Seattle area, it’s probably not too surprising to discover that I have a boat. I love owning a boat, but one thing about living on the Sound that I’ve learned is that there’s a lot of prep that has to be done before the boat gets launched. The same thing is true about launching a business.

There’s more to consider when launching a new business than what the name should be, and a lot of the decisions you make about the business should be made before you start. One of the most critical decisions you’ll make about your business is what kind of legal entity to create. It can be very confusing. Many calls I receive for help are from people who are half-way through trying to set up their business using an online service like LegalZoom and they suddenly realize just how complicated the matter can be.

Everything from how you handle banking to how you are taxed will be affected by the type of entity you create, so choosing the right type for you and your business is crucial. In the coming months, we’ll explore the advantages and disadvantages of different types of legal business entities in more detail.

Business Types

There are several different options you have when forming your business. Which you choose depends entirely on the needs of you as a person, the needs of the business, and the number of people involved in the ownership of the company. There is inherent risk in operating a business, but choosing the right entity formation can help minimize your risk.

Sole Proprietorship. A sole proprietorship is the simplest and the least costly to create. However, it does not offer any protection for personal assets against risk. Basically, the individual is simply operating under his or her own name or using a business name for doing business by filing a DBA form with their county clerk. The individual owns and operates the firm, assumes all the debt and liability of the firm, and files taxes using his or her own social security number at the end of the year.

Partnerships. A partnership is similar to a sole proprietorship. It is easy to form, with minimal start up costs. The only difference is that two or more people come together to form the business and agree to work together as co-owners of the business, usually under a partnership agreement or contract.

Limited Liability Corporations. Limited liability corporations (LLC) have become the most popular form of business entity, combining the strength of a partnership with the protection of a corporation without assuming the corporate tax structure. The terms of an LLC as an entity are governed by state statute, so laws will vary from state to state.

C Corporation. A C corporation is so named because it is governed by subchapter C in the IRS code governing corporations. A C Corporation files taxes as an entity and must have shareholders who elect a board of directors to make business decisions. The risks associated with a C Corporation are minimal compared to the other forms of business, but the costs associated with start up can be quite high.

S Corporation. To overcome the singular disadvantage of a C Corporation, in which both the corporate entity and the individuals who share in its profits are taxed on the same income, an S Corporation can be organized. The organizational structure of an S corporation is similar to that of a C Corporation, but in an S Corporation, the members can elect to be taxed individually for the profits generated by the business rather than be required to pay corporate taxes. The S Corp—as well as the Limited Liability Entity—has the added benefit of providing the owners savings on Self Employment Tax.

The forgoing information should be considered informational only and not construed as legal advice. Before selecting a business entity, a person should consult an attorney in his or her jurisdiction.